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| Alfonso
Gutiérrez Martín |
| MULTIMEDIA
EDUCATION |
It
is a very well known fact that people of today's modern society spend
more time with the media than with any other activities in their daily
life. Quite a few times we have heard that children probably spend far
more time watching television and using the computer than they do learning
in the classroom.
The
global marketplace and the communications and entertainment industries
are driving the fast evolution of regional, national, and global information
infrastructures that enhance our abilities to access and interlink materials
in remote archives. These powerful channels for transmitting data allow
us to communicate and learn across barriers of distance and time. As a
result, the means for creating, delivering, and using information in business,
government, and society are swiftly changing.
Although
there are many other more important reasons to foster media education,
just having to face life as a free person in the Information Society would
be enough by itself to make some kind of media education or media literacy
not only useful but necessary. To successfully prepare students as workers
and citizens in democratic societies, we, as educators must incorporate
experiences into the curriculum that enable students to create and utilize
new forms of expression and new information and audiovisual technology.
A
simple and traditional definition of literacy could be the ability
to communicate through reading and writing. This definition, however,
will only refer to textual/alphabetic literacy. Today we must also consider
a variety of literacies: visual literacy, media literacy, information
literacy, technology literacy, etc. By the end of the twentieth century
the range of information media has expanded to include not only books
and television but also computers, advanced information networks, satellite
communications, and satellite broadcasting. Global information networks
are being developed, enabling information to be transmitted and received
everywhere and in different forms. We consider multimedia literacy the
development of skills to understand the meanings of multimedia messages
and produce similar ones as a way of expression. We use multimedia literacy
as an umbrella term which covers alphabetic literacy and media literacy:
- the ability to obtain desired information from the vast quantities
of information available in different media and to use that information
efficiently to produce communication in a variety of forms.
- The ability to understand how media construct meaning and to read
critically beyond the lines of the printed or audiovisual messages,
and the implications of them.
Media
literacy has been defined as that which is concerned with helping students
develop an informed and critical understanding of the nature of the mass
media, the techniques used by them, and the impact of these techniques.
More specifically, it is education that aims to increase students' understanding
and enjoyment of how media work, how they produce meaning, how they are
organized, and how they construct reality. Media literacy also aims to
provide students with the ability to create media products. (Ontario Ministry
of Education, 1989).
Masterman
in Teaching the Media (1985) characterises media literacy as pupils' understanding
of how the media work, pupils' understanding of how they produce meaning;
of the messages from mass media; pupils' understanding of how media production
systems are organized and the construction of reality in mass media. The
Multimedia Education we propose takes from media education the basic objectives
of developing critical viewing skills; it also takes from information
literacy the developing of the ability to deal with information (find,
analyse, evaluate, use, produce, etc.) from a variety of sources and different
media. We pay special attention to the production of messages by the students.
Media education has been more focussed on the deconstruction than on the
construction of messages. So far its main objective has been enlarging
pupils' critical understanding of mass media messages. However we have
to consider that new media will allow anybody to create and send his message
to the air of cyberspace.
Multimedia
education, by using current AV and Information Technology, should provide
students with opportunities to develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes
necessary to produce communication in a variety of forms and media, to
develop a personal autonomy and a critical awareness that will allow them
to achieve a better society for all. Formal education has an important
role to play in Multimedia Education by incorporating new media into schools
in three different and interconnected ways as shown in the figure: - as
learning tools, - as subject matter, and - as a means of informal education.
Multimedia Education and New Information Technologies Integration into
curriculum development:
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